Trends in Contemporary Russian Thought (1)SUMMARY: This article focuses on the most recent period in the development of Russian thought (1960s-1990s). Starting from the cyclical patterns of Russian intellectual history, I propose to call it “the third philosophical awakening”. I define the main trend of this period as “the struggle of thought against ideocracy”. I then propose a classification of the main trends in Russian thought of this period: (1) dialectical materialism in its evolution from late Stalinism to neo-communist mysticism; (2) Neorationalism and structuralism; (3) neo-Slavophilism, or the philosophy of the national spirit; (4) Personalism and Liberalism; (5) Religious philosophy and mysticism, both orthodox and non-traditional Christian; (6) Culturology or the philosophy of culture; (7) Conceptualism or philosophy of postmodernity. “The Karamazovs are not scoundrels but philosophers, because all true Russians are philosophers…” Dmitri Karamazov, in Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The Karamazov BrothersIt is characteristic of the Russian people to devote themselves to philosophy. ...The fate of the philosopher in Russia is painful and tragic.Nikolai Berdyaev. The Russian ideaThe fact that we can annihilate a philosophy. ...or whether it can be proven that a philosophy annihilates itself is of little importance. If it is truly philosophy, then, like the phoenix, it will always rise from its own ashes.Friedrich Schlegel. Fragments of Athenaeus, trans. Peter Firchow, 103. The last period of Soviet ideocracy, which extends roughly from the early 1970s to the late 1980s, can be characterized as a period of "philosophical awakening", to use the happy expression by the theologian Georgy Florovsky (1893 - 1979). . "Such an awakening is usually preceded by a more or less complicated historical destiny, by abundant and long historical experience and ordeal, which now become the object of interpretation and discussion. Philosophical life begins as a new mode or a new stage of national existence . One can feel in the generation of this era an irresistible attraction to philosophy, a philosophical passion and thirst, a kind of magical gravitation towards philosophical themes and problems. 2) Florovsky here refers to the first "philosophical awakening" of Russia in the years 1830-1840: roughly, the generation of Chaadaev, the first Westernists and Slavophiles, like Belinsky, Herzen, Bakunin, Khomiakov, the Aksakov brothers,. and the Kireevsky brothers (3) Russia's second philosophical awakening occurred in the first two decades of the 20th century, following the failure of the 1905 revolution and the disenchantment of the most refined part of it. the intelligentsia facing the low intellectual level of populism, Marxism and other socialist theories..