The concept of opportunity cost is often used to refer to the expenses associated with a lost course of action for an alternative action as well as the cost of the good abandoned after taking the 'option. Fisheries around the world face many setbacks, including the global consequences of overfishing, environmental deterioration, environmental management procedures and the effects of climate change. It has become increasingly difficult for fishermen to earn and maintain a livelihood. As a result, many abandon fishing for other professions. This not only indicates the susceptibility of fishermen, but also shows the possibility of minimizing fishing effort and maintaining fisheries. The willingness and ability to take such steps is determined by socio-economic factors that range from the individual to the economy of a country. This essay presents a review of Daw, TM, Cinner, JE, McClanahan, TR, Brown, K., Stead, SM et al. (2012), To fish or not to fish: multi-scale factors affecting the willingness of artisanal fishers to leave a declining fishery. The article studies socio-economic variables at different levels and their role in the exit of fishermen from fishing in five countries in the western Indian Ocean. These include factors such as poor infrastructure, economic vibrancy, technology, market; value of catches, government credits and professional activities. Emphasis is placed on the importance of understanding and integrating livelihoods established by existing resources into the economy and society as a whole. To fish or not to fish The aim of the study was to investigate the socio-economic factors affecting fishermen at different levels and whether they would deviate from fishing. ....... middle of article ...... In conclusion, fishermen are faced with a multitude of constantly changing situations: overfishing, climate change, globalization, environmental management and marine diversity. It is therefore important to understand the response of fishermen to these challenges to ensure effective and efficient use of fisheries and improve the living standards of people whose livelihoods depend on fishing. The results of the study demonstrate the high situational dependence in the reaction of fishermen to changes, thus strengthening the proposals and intercessions of the authors in various situations. Works Cited Daw, TM, Cinner, JE, McClanahan, TR, Brown, K., Stead, SM et al. (2012). To fish or not to fish: Multi-scale factors that affect artisanal fishers' willingness to leave a declining fishery. PLoS UN, 7(2), e31460. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031460