In his essay, The End of History, Fukuyama discusses the rise and fall of various ideologies throughout history, as well than the predominance of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government. Fukuyama suggests that history can be summarized by different ideologies. He points out that Karl Marx was also seeking the “end of history” when he proposed communism as the final and perfect form of government. Marx, according to Fukuyama, borrowed from Hegel this idea of ​​a beginning, a middle and an end of history. Fukuyama goes even further and examines Kojeve's interpretation of Hegel's theories to better understand the role of ideology in history. According to Kojeve, Hegel believed that ideology consists not only of political beliefs and policies, but also of religious, cultural, and moral values. Throughout history, man's quest has been a subconscious search for the satisfaction of all his needs and the resolution of conflicts. All human behavior in the material world therefore results from their consciousness. In Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, the economic theory which suggested that man is a rational individual seeking to maximize profit is refuted. High wages were thought to mean increased labor productivity, but in reality a peasant would value leisure more than income and therefore work less for the same amount. The choice of leisure activities demonstrates that human behavior is not entirely determined by material forces, but is primarily determined by the forces of consciousness, which Fukuyama describes more broadly as "ideology." Having established ideology as the driving force of history, Fukuyama describes the evolutionary progression of history as the push toward a perfect ideology. In his eyes, history will... middle of paper ... the trend toward democracy continues and my predictions about the Middle East and China are correct. What happens then? This is what Fukuyama meant by “end of history.” The world no longer pits different ideologies against each other. Fukuyama predicts that at this stage there will be only small conflicts over technological and economic issues. However, this is where I agree with Fukuyama's criticism. Technological and economic challenges will not be the only ones the world will face. National and cultural ideologies will arise even in the face of liberal democracies around the world. As Himmelfarb points out, the Holocaust was a completely unprovoked event. That being said, the future will always be marked by new, unprovoked events and new ideas. Some may be so influential that they will impact certain countries and perhaps introduce new and better (or worse) ideologies..