This option is used if other treatments are not tolerated by the patient.3, 11An artificial pacemaker may be inserted which will take control of the heart, thereby preventing AF from occurring. 'be uncontrolled. 3, 12 Other oral anticoagulants have recently come onto the market with Rivaroxaban and Apixaban, showing similar effects to warfarin for stroke prevention.6 They have a rapid onset of action, do not do not require monitoring and have fewer food/drug interactions than warfarin.6 Monitoring: Monitoring is essential in the diagnosis of AF. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first step performed and can detect any sinus rhythm problems.13 ECG monitoring continues throughout the patient's life to monitor for changes in AF.13 The intensity of monitoring depends on each person and their complications. ECG is also used in patients undergoing cardioelectric conversion and in patients taking Sotalol, because QT interval prolongation is a major problem.