Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that can cause discomfort when food gets stuck in the throat. It can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, such as: nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, prematurity, heart disease, cleft lip or palate, and head and neck abnormalities. A patient with dysphagia can be cared for by a family doctor in a hospital or retirement home with the assistance of a speech therapist (speech therapist), a doctor, a nutritionist, etc. provided that he has received an adequate diagnosis. The prevalence increases with age and poses problems in older patients. Typically, the average age of onset is around 55, but dysphagia can also occur in children. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), the three stages of the swallowing process are: 1) the oral phase. , where the patient can suck, chew, and move food or liquid down the throat, 2) the pharyngeal phase, where the swallowing reflex begins, as well as the attempt to squeeze the food down the throat and the airway closes to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway to prevent choking, and 3) the esophageal phase, where the patient relaxes and tightens the openings at the top and bottom of the feeding tube in the throat and squeezes food through the esophagus into the stomach (ASHA, 2014). For patients with dysphagia, further treatment is necessary when a problem occurs at any point in the swallowing process. Treatment is available to all dysphagia patients. There are different approaches depending on the cause, symptoms and severity of the swallowing problem. A speech-language pathologist can recommend possible treatment options that family members and patients can consider for ...... middle of paper ...... and his or her family. Cultural and social values ​​can be important factors in an individual's decision regarding treatment, as well as the role of diet in relation to quality of life. Shared decision-making incorporates patients' needs, interests, and perspectives while considering the assessment of real and perceived risks. Real risks are those where there are clinical and measurable signs that failure to follow dysphagia recommendations will negatively affect the patient's health. Assumed risk is factual resistance offered by a party against a proceeding brought to abate a cause of action, resulting in a dangerous condition and voluntary exposure thereto. Although it can be difficult for clinicians and patient to reach agreement, shared decision making offers the best possible scenario for creating an effective treatment plan..