During colonization, the world was divided into binary categories of colonizer and colonized. These binary groups were based on division of class, gender, race, ethnicity and the oppression of cultural traditions. Traditions of language, religion, work and social values ​​were based on the theologies of the colonizers, imposed on the colonized. These binaries can be associated with the Manichaean binaries mentioned by Frantz Fanon in his book entitled The Wretched of the Earth. In post-coloniality, societies gain independence either through diplomatic political transitions or violent revolutions against the occupying force. Regardless of how independence is achieved, these societies undergo a multitude of sociocultural changes. Colonized populations struggle to rebuild their communities, their individual identities and their national identities. The process of this decolonization is a long and arduous process which varies from one culture to another. Periods of colonial oppression negatively impact social structures and prohibit certain cultural growth. It is nationalism that unites individuals in creating a national identity, rebuilding the state while imagining community and representing it within the traditional cultural affiliations of indigenous people. In the book Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism written by Benedict Anderson reviews the effects of colonization on Indonesia. The decolonization of countries was brought about by revolutions and the spread of nationalism after the 18th century. Independence was followed by state building based on the origin, power and function of nationalism felt in Indonesia (Anderson). Liberalism and Mar...... middle of paper ......th in the creation of a new nationalist identity. Works Cited Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Print. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. The Empire responds. Routledge: New York. 1989. Print. Césaire, Aimé. Discourse on colonialism. Monthly Review Press: New York and London, 1972. Print. Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York, 1965. Print.Hsu, Francis LK The cultural problem of the cultural anthropologist. American Anthropologist 81(3) 1979: 517-532. Kelly, John D. and Martha Kaplan. Communities represented: Fiji and global decolonization. 2001. Print. Said, Edward K. Orientalism. Knopf Publishing Group, 1979. Print. Stoler, Ann Laura and Frederick Cooper. Tension of the Empire. University of California Press: California and London, 1997. Print.