To better understand defensive pessimism and self-handicapping, it is relevant to compare and contrast the motivational forces of the two cognitive strategies. It is suggested that achievement motivations such as need for achievement (desire to approach success) and fear of failure (desire to avoid failure) are considered crucial because they influence the type of achievement tools. he self-regulation that people use in success contexts (Elliot, 1999; Elliot and McGregor, 1999), most likely including cognitive strategies such as defensive strategies. pessimism and self-handicapping. Therefore, achievement motivations play a role in individuals' preference for cognitive strategies. A person who values ​​recognition, success, and power may use a different cognitive strategy applicable to success. Meanwhile, a person who wants to avoid failure and simply wants to protect their self-esteem from the negative consequences of failure may choose a different cognitive strategy. The concept of domain general approach and avoidance temperaments was recently introduced by Elliot and Trash (2002). These two temperaments represent broad neurobiological sensitivities to positive and negative stimuli. Additionally, they are assumed to be similar to Gray's BAS and BIS. Thus, BAS and BIS are considered essential components of both temperaments (Elliot & Thrash, 2002). Additionally, it is suggested that they are a direct import of the RST. Like achievement motivations, general temperaments are not considered to have a direct effect on achievement-related outcomes. On the other hand, approach and avoidance temperaments are considered important because they influence people toward certain types of self-regulation in achievement contexts (Elliot, 1999; Elliot & Thrash, 2001), most likely. .. middle of article...... coming from an (ethnic) family, if you get a good grade they will expect you to do the same. In the Philippine context, it is possible that this also applies to Filipino children. Filipino children, once they get very good grades, their parents will tend to expect the same thing next time. It is undeniable that Filipino children also experience this pressure from them which will cause them to use a positive or negative approach to meet these expectations. According to other participants who are very defensively pessimistic, thinking more negatively is a good motivator for them. take the necessary measures. One participant also added, “If you're negative, you stress more, and a little stress is good. » We therefore consider that this type of pessimism encourages the individual to move forward. It can be used as a tool to meet their performance needs.