Compare and contrast the theoretical orientations of Sigmund Freud and Abraham MaslowA. Sigmund Freud B. BiographySigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia, a small Austro-Hungarian town. His parents were Amalia and Jacob Freud. His father was a wool merchant with a quick wit and good sense of humor. His mother was a lively woman. (http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html) He grew up in a family of 11, with two older half-brothers and six younger siblings. When Freud was four or five years old, his family moved to Vienna where he lived most of his life. Freud and his wife Martha had six children, three boys and three girls. The names in order of age were Mathilde, Jean, Oliver, Ernst, Sophie and finally Anna. His children describe him as warm and affectionate. During his lifetime, Feud published eight books. The first book was a monograph on cocaine. Then, in 1895, he published Studies on Hysteria in Breuer. In 1900, Freud wrote The Interpretation of Dreams. This was followed by The Psychopathology of Everyday Life in 1901. In 1905, Freud wrote Three Essays on Sexuality. Then Freud took some time before publishing Beyond the Pleasure Principle, which introduced his concept of the death drive in 1920. Three years later, he published The Ego and the Id in 1923. His last work published was Civilization and its Discontents in 1929. Freud died on September 23, 1939 of cancer in London. One of Freud's major research achievements was his discoveries about infant sexuality, also known as the psychosexual stages. The first stage is the oral phase which takes place between 0 and 1 year of age. This is the stage where sensual/sexual life begins. This involves thumb sucking, biting and sucking on the breast. Fixation at this stage...... middle of paper ...... the mechanisms are denial, displacement and rationalization. Denial is refusing to believe or perceive that something has happened. Displacement involves directing anger from the primary target to a secondary target. Rationalization involves attempting to justify a person's actions by inventing a plausible excuse. (http://www.clinicalsolutions.org/Welcome.html), ((Sharon Heller Freud from A to Z) and (http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html)The only contributions that can be used Today, these are psychosexual stages Today's psychosexual stages focus not on Freud's psychosexual stages but on interpersonal development Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson made his psychosexual stages which parallel those of. Freud, but covers all stages of development and Erik Erikson's stages are widely used by all psychologists to understand a child's development (Sharon Heller Freud A to Z p.. 47)