Polymorphism: Polymorphism is the process of creating objects or forms with the same identical names. Polymorphism is the principle of OOP where multiple methods all manifest under the same name and in different ways. There are two types of polymorphism. These are run-time polymorphism and compile-time polymorphism. The “+” operator can be used for binary addition as well as joining two or more strings together or for concatenation. iii. Abstraction: Data abstraction involves providing only essential information to the outside world and hiding its basic details, i.e. representing the necessary information in the program without presenting the details. (Tutorialspoint.com, nd) iv. Encapsulation: Encapsulation refers to the grouping of data with the methods that work on that data. (Rogers, 2014)Encapsulation is used to hide the values ​​or state of a structured data object inside a class, thereby preventing direct access to them by unauthorized parties.1.3 . Characteristics of the object-oriented programming language. Classes and Objects A class is simply a representation of an object type. It is the plan, or blueprint, or model, which describes the details of an object. A class is the template from which individual objects are created. The class is made up of three elements: a name, attributes and operations (Codeproject.com,