In 1960, Douglas McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y suggesting two different aspects of employees regarding employee motivation: one is negative (Theory the other is positive (theory Y) (Carson, 2005). McGregor (1960) indicated that managers who hypothesize Theory X believe that employees generally dislike responsibility, resist change, need direction, and have no ambition. In contrast, McGregor (1960) showed that managers who establish the assumptions of Theory Y believe that employees can recognize responsibilities, have direction and self-control, and do not hate work. Carson (2005) pointed out that the majority of today's organizations attempt to apply a gentler management method than Theory Y.