Edwin Sutherland's study, which confirmed that the death penalty deters crime, however criminologists have begun to prove this untrue, the even calling it a myth. Michael L. Radeltt and Traci L. Lacock's 2009 survey of American Criminology Society members found that 88 percent of ACS criminologists did not believe the death penalty was capable of deterring murderers. and reduce crime. This belief raises a host of questions about why criminologists believe the death penalty does not deter crime. This thus brings back the question of whether the death penalty deters crime, with a host of questions; do other factors contribute to crime deterrence? The position, although varied, spans two opposing spectrums in the argument regarding the death penalty; the death penalty does not deter crime, or there is no concrete evidence that the death penalty deters crime