Section 4 Focusing on fertility, critically discuss the role of government in shaping population geographies. The role of governments and how they affect population geographies through fertility is a very critical issue. How the government affected certain areas and how it affected the population through fertility. How fertility has affected Asia and particularly Singapore and what caused Singapore to change its fertility laws. Is the government the cause of declining fertility or is it just over time that people have different preferences than before? How fertility declines and how it affects people and place. An overview of how government shapes population geography is a socio-economic factor that influences fertility, for example how women are educated, this counts negatively for fertility (Bongarts, 1978). This shows that uneducated women tend to cause lower fertility in some countries. The decline in fertility in England was not caused by a single factor but by a variety of factors which swept across the region in one fell swoop, but with people of different social classes and occupations also showing lower rates of fertility. different fertility (Boyle, 2003). The decline in fertility has not started recently but has started to show a decrease according to Bongarts, Korea's reproduction measures and its evolution between 1960 and 1970 show a very sharp decline compared to 1960 when the total fertility rate fertility (TFR) was 6.13 and in 1970 the fertility rate fell to 4.20 in ten years (Bongarts, 1978). The TFR is the total number of births that a woman would have at the end of her reproductive years (Bongarts, 1978). Fertility is a social or individual factor, either the individual is employed and does not have time to...... middle of paper ......kakis¬-Smith, D., & Graham, E. (1996), “Shaping the nation-state: ethnicity, class and the new population politics in Singapore”, International Journal of Population Geography, 2(1): 69-89. Graham, E. (2007), “Son preference, female deficit and fertility transition”, in I. Attané and CZGuilmoto (Eds.), Watering the Neighbor's Garden: The Growing Female Deficit in Asia, CICRED: Paris, pp. 89-106. Jones, GW (2012), 'Population Policy in a Prosperous City State: Dilemmas for Singapore', Population and Development Review, 38(2): 311-336. Lutz, W., Scherbow, S. and Sanderson, W. (2003), “The end of population growth in Asia”, Journal of Population Research, 20(1): 125-141. Yeoh, BS, Lutz, W., Prachuabmoh, V. and Arifin, EN (2003), “Fertility decline in Asia: trends, implications and future”, Journal of Population Research, 20(1): iii-ix.