Jack London was an American man of many talents, including that of an author, journalist, and social activist, although he had a minimal education. Nonetheless, he was undoubtedly best known for his short stories and novels focusing on the harsh, cold climates created by Mother Nature. London focused on a deeper level of nature and the literary devices of her work are present in each of her novels and short stories, including The Call of the Wild, White Fang, as well as "To Build a Fire" . His name was John Griffith Chaney and he was born on January 12, 1876 in San Francisco, California. His mother, Flora Wellman, was single while his father, William Chaney, was a man of many trades. He worked as a lawyer, journalist and also worked in the field of American astrology. London's father was never permanent in his life, and as a result, his mother married a man named John London, and the three moved to the Bay Area before settling in Oakland. Jack grew up in a working-class family, but struggled throughout his adolescence due to the lasting impact of his father's absence. Due to his difficult childhood, London worked a variety of jobs, comparable to those of his father, and he was never able to hold down one for very long. Whether it was pirating oysters, working on a sealing boat in the Pacific, or finding a job in a cannery, the businesses of London inspired him. Whenever London found free time, he practiced writing. His career in writing began in 1893, when his mother encouraged him to submit a story based on his adventures of surviving a typhoon while on a sealing voyage, when he was only 'an eighth grade level of education. Two...... middle of paper ...... Biography Channel website. March 28, 2014. http://www.Biography.com/people/jack-london-9385499 “The Makers Of Fire.” White Fang, by Jack London; Part III Page 1. PageByPageBooks.com. and Web. March 30, 2014./White_Fang/Part_III_The_Makers_Of_Fire_p1.html>.London, Jack. “To make a fire.” Literature An introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, and writing. Twelfth ed. Boston: Pearson, 2005. 127-136. Print.Rich, Nathaniel. "American Dreams: 'The Call of the Wild' by Jack London." The DailyBeast, January 25, 2013. Web. February 8, 2014. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/01/25/American-dreams-the-call-of-the-wild-by-jack-london.htmlTimes, The New York. “ACCUSES JACK LONDON OF PLAGIARISM.” ACCUSES JACK LONDON OF PLAGIARISM - See article - NYTimes.com. The New York Times, November 24, 1906. Web. April 8. 2014.