Rift Valley Fever is a viral zoonotic disease transmitted by arthropods.1, 2, 3, 4 This viral disease mainly affects domestic animals but has the ability to affect humans.1, 3, 4 Disease severity can range from mild to severe and can be potentially fatal.1 An outbreak in the animal population, also called an epizootic, could result in increased economic loss because the disease leads to death of livestock and spontaneous abortions among animals. pregnant animals.1, 2, 3, 4 A reduction in trade could also lead to additional economic losses.1, 2, 3, 4 The virus that causes Rift Valley fever belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and the genus Phlebovirus .1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Rift Valley fever was first reported around 1910, but was not identified until a survey of a Kenyan sheep farm following an outbreak in 1931.1, 2, 3, 5 The common name of the virus derives from the region in which it was found. identified, the Rift Valley in Kenya.1 The majority of reported outbreaks of Rift Valley fever have been confined to sub-Saharan and Northern Africa.1, 3, 4 The most notable animal outbreak of Rift Valley fever Rift Valley occurred in Kenya from 1950 to 1951. 3, 4 This outbreak resulted in the deaths of approximately 100,000 sheep. 3, 4 An outbreak in Egypt resulted in the deaths of approximately 600 humans and a significant number of deaths animals in 1977.3, 4 In September 2000, the first cases of Rift Valley fever outside of Africa were confirmed in Saudi Arabia, then in Yemen.1, 2, 3, 4. Since the confirmation of disease outside Africa, Rift Valley Fever has been identified as a priority disease likely to emerge geographically.2Transmission of Rift Valley Fever to humansDisease transmission may be the result of a few distributions ...... middle of paper ......t about 1%.1, 2, 3, 4 Transmission to humans occurs either directly or through indirect contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids or infection through the bite of an infected mosquito. 1, 2, 3, 4 Rift Valley fever has been shown to have a high colonization capacity, which significantly increases its potential risk of emergence in Western countries . .2 The virus itself can survive in a wide range of bioclimatic environments due to its transmission routes.2 The introduction of Rift Valley fever into previously unaffected regions may be due to the potential movement of hosts and vectors through trade or migration.2 Mechanical transport of arthropod vectors is the most likely disease dispersal mechanism.2 The potential for geographic spread of valley fever of the Rift is the reason why the disease was identified as a priority emerging disease..2