IntroductionThe concept of robotics has been adopted in many fields. Robotics has many application areas ranging from food and beverage to manufacturing and assembly. The basic functions and actions of robots include sensing capability (Forge, et al. 19). The second robotic function is the ability to think through complex programming and processing capabilities (Forge, et al. 19). The third robotic function is the ability to act with immediate effect (Forge et al. 19). Toyota has been instrumental in implementing robotics in its manufacturing plants for a variety of reasons. History of Robotics Technology at Toyota Motor CorporationToyota Motor Corporation has made huge investments in robotics in its manufacturing facilities. According to Nof (11 - 18), Toyota began investing in robotics as early as the 1970s, but enormous progress was made in the 1980s. In the 1970s, this concept was in the testing phase and many challenges emanated from its implementation (Umetani and Iwasa 11; Nof 11). However, in 1980, Toyota embarked on full-fledged robotic practices which led to an increase in the demand for robots in the market (Umetani and Iwasa 11; Nof 11). Initially, robots manufactured by Toyota were designed for painting and welding applications (Umetani and Iwasa 11; Nof 11). Later, Toyota expanded the scope of robotics to include in-house robotic technology for automated assembly lines (Umetani and Iwasa). 13; No. 12). This included features such as heavy lifting and transporting heavy or ergonomically demanding objects from one area to another (Umetani and Iwasa 13; Nof 12). Over the years, Toyota began to develop collaborative robots whose function is to mount spare tires (Umetani and Iw. ..... middle of article...... Robotics industry. Spain: Office of European Union Publications 2010. Print.Gray, John O. and Darwin G. Caldwell Advanced Robotics & Intelligence Machines: Collection of Jamie and Michael Kassler, IEE Control Engineering Series, Volume 51. of Electrical Engineers: IEEE Control Engineering Series, California: IET 1996. Google Books, February 28, 2014. Kennedy, Scott Automotive Industry: Bureau of Aerospace and Automotive Industries, International Trade Administration and United States Department of Commerce. Unis, 2007. Print.Nof, Shimon Y. Handbook of Industrial Robotics, Volume 1: Electrical and Electronic Engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999. Google Books Internet. Yoji and Yukio Iwasa. Chapter 2: Robotics in Japan: emerging trends and challenges. 1999. Print.