1. In Plato's Meno, Socrates states that all learning is actually memory (80d – 86c). What drives Socrates to make this statement, and what does he mean by it? While Socrates and Meno were trying to discover the essence of the virtues, Socrates said: "The soul, therefore, as being immortal and having been born many times, and having seen all the things that exist, whether in this world or in the world below, he knows them all; and it is no wonder that she can remember all that she ever knew about virtue and everything; for as all nature is similar, and the soul has learned everything1. As he suggested, the soul has already known everything, and so the acquisition of all knowledge is the process of recollection, the process of recalling what we have already known with the help of a few clues. How does he demonstrate to Meno that learning is one thing? memory ? Socrates then manages to verify his theory by demonstrating it on one of Meno's slaves. He did not teach or instruct anything directly to this young slave who originally did not know geometry. Instead, Socrates provided this slave with clues and guided his thoughts step by step. As a result, the young slave discovered a simple geometric theorem that apparently "emerged" from his mind. Do you find his demonstration convincing? Why or why not? Of course not. His assertion that “learning is remembering” is also unconvincing. Basically, this statement is completely an apriorism, an idealistic theory in which I do not believe. As for his demonstration of this theory, I think his demonstration might have been convincing at the time, but it just doesn't hold up when applied to modern society. The complexity of modern science has become so certain and so obvious that no grounds for doubt, however extravagant, could be alleged by the skeptics. able to shake him. 4Are you convinced that the statement “I think therefore I am” is a certain truth? Why or why not? Yes. I tried to change the "think" with other verbs and make the sentence sound like "I eat, therefore I am" or "I walk, therefore I am", but no other word than "think" . really makes sense. Thought is the only action that can pass the test of doubt because it is the basis of doubt. The action itself confirmed the consistency of the thoughts, and thus confirms the existence of oneself.1. Meno. page 452. [VI Lenin, What to do? (New York: International Publishers, 1961) p. 31.]3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogito ergo_sum4. Part IV Discourse on the Method, René Descartes, 1637