The period known as the Industrial Revolution began around 1760 and between 1820 and 1840. This era was a period in which certain fundamental changes affected textile manufacturing, metallurgy, agriculture and transport. The Industrial Revolution signifies the shift from manual production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing, and iron processing. The Revolution began in England and quickly spread to parts of Europe and the United States. The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history, because before this revolution, the life of the average person was difficult, as incomes were very low. and malnutrition and disease were common. People produce most of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Robert E. Lucas, Jr., Nobel laureate, said: "For the first time in history, the standard of living of the masses of ordinary people began to experience sustained growth... Nothing compares to this economic behavior is not mentioned. by classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility. »1. Contrary to the view of some 20th century historians such as John Clapham and Nicolas Crafts, argued that the economic process and, in general, the social changes occurring during the period from 1760 to 1840, took place gradually and the term revolution is an incorrect characterization. The first industrial revolution evolved into the second industrial revolution during the transition years. The Second Industrial Revolution began in 1850, when technological and economic advancements continued with the increasing adoption of steam-powered boats, ships, and railways and the construction of machine tools. The most important technological developments occurred during the industrial revolution...... middle of paper ......scape Garden and it cost more than the rebuilt Crystal Palace. On November 30, 1936, a fire caused the final disaster. Sir Winston Churchill declared in 1936 “this is the end of an era”. One manager, Sir Henry Buckland, said: “Within hours we saw the end of Crystal Palace. However, it will live on in the memory not only of the English, but of the whole world. » Regarding the architecture of the Industrial Revolution era, John Ruskin, co-founder of the Arts and Crafts movement in favor of simplicity, argued: "you should not connect the pleasure you take with the ornament with the one you take to construction or utility. They have no connection, and every effort you make to reason from one to the other will dull your sense of beauty... Remember that the most beautiful things in the world are the most useless; Peacocks and lilies for example.’’