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Essay / Women in the Criminal Justice System - 1062
“Gender-based violence is one of the most common human rights violations in the world. Worldwide, women aged 15 to 44 are more likely to die or be maimed from male violence than from cancer, malaria, war and road accidents combined… people can perceive violence against women as evil and tolerate it at the same time” (Belknap, page 288). This quote describes the many obstacles women face when victimized by the criminal justice (CJ) system. Candace Kruttschnitt explores the study of female victimization, male and female offending, the neutrality of theories, and how the media plays a role in the crime genre. Kruttschnitt highlights the question of whether gender disparities are treated more neutrally or whether they are necessary. It is important, however, not to forget to pay particular attention to the profound impact that some of the first women working in prisons, jails and juvenile institutions had, and the paths they blazed for the women of future generations. One woman in particular, Margaret Moore, fought against sexism and racism and faced significant oppression to become "the first woman to serve as warden of a men's prison in Pennsylvania, deputy commissioner (overseeing seven prisons and approximately 10,000 prisoners) in Pennsylvania and director of the District of Columbia Department of Corrections” (Belknap, page 480). Cheesman tracked three major changes in the late 1960s that led to the hiring of women in men's prisons. These included the "1969 recommendations of the Joint Commission on Correctional Workforce and Training to integrate women into guard positions, Title VII in 1972 which gave the Equality Commission employment opportunity authority to prosecute Title VII violators in federal courts, and guidelines established by the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals for recruiting and hiring women in all fields of prison labor in 1973” (Belknap, page 481). It is inspiring and heroic women, like Moore, and the legislative changes implemented to protect women from gender-based discrimination in the workplace, that give all women the courage to stand up and fight for equality, justice and a better future, in terms of employment opportunities, for generations of women