1.5.3 2D and 3/4D Ultrasound Technology Since 2003, advancements have been made in ultrasound imaging technology with applications such as two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound, which provides a grayscale image of the detailed internal structures of the fetus. With additional software, the same ultrasound device can also produce enhanced images using 3/4D scans. Currently, sonographers use scanning technologies in hospitals and private clinics at different stages of pregnancy. These technologies provide an in-depth look at fetal anatomy (2D), while applications such as 3/4D make fetal facial expressions evident and create easily recognizable images (Ji et al. 2005). The fetal face, arms, legs, fingers, and toes can be reconstructed as surfaces in multiple planes (Rustico et al. 2005). The 4D component of ultrasound in the spatial visual plane includes depth associated with real-time movement. The surface details of the fetus are greatly visualized, its movements are delineated, and its facial movements (e.g., smiles, frowns, and yawns) are easily appreciated, allowing parents to see a very realistic image of their baby (examples of ultrasound images). , both 2D and 3/4D, are presented in Appendix 1).1.5.4 Clinical autonomy, competence and expansion of the role of sonographers1.5.4.1 Autonomy to immediately communicate ultrasound resultsDuring the last decade, the practice and skills of sonographers engaged in their clinical roles have not been well documented, although their profile and training must provide an ultrasound service in accordance with the requirements of the NSC Downs program. In 2003, the Ministry of Health requested the modernization of the radiographic examination... middle of paper ...... tailed normality analysis, to advise on available choices, such as amniocentesis to determine chromosomal risk. 1.6 Summary This introduction This chapter has provided an overview of the organization of the current antenatal screening program in the UK, which integrates the highly visual technology of ultrasound into obstetric ultrasound and the role of sonographers who carry out ultrasound scans of routine. We considered important factors that impact pregnant women's experiences, their perceptions, their information needs and their need for reassurance about the health and well-being of the fetus. The primary goal of detecting fetal abnormalities during ultrasound requires further exploration, as reporting results is a dynamic process. Next, in Chapter 2, we examine the medicalization of pregnancy and the impact of techno-medicine..