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Essay / Defining Poverty - 2152
When it comes to poverty, there are a multitude of definitions explaining the term. The definition of poverty has important implications from the perspective of policy making, political and academic debates. Each point of view has its own value judgments and explanations. Over time, new definitions have surfaced in debates and yet there is no single, universally acceptable definition of poverty. Definitions generally set the boundaries of terminology and are often subject to limitations and criticism. According to the World Bank definition, the term lack refers to the scarcity of economic resources while the term disability refers to the inability to participate in a community (Bellu & Liberati, 2005). It is now widely accepted that any definition can be applied taking into account the historical, social and cultural contexts in which it is formulated. This consensus has enabled many new definitions of poverty and all definitions are linked to their respective context. Generally, the definition of poverty can vary depending on its magnitude; whether they are limited to the hardware core; and whether they also contain relational factors linked to poverty. For example, the United Nations has defined the term broadly as “a violation of human dignity,” “a lack of participation in decision-making,” “susceptibility to violence,” and “powerlessness” (Langmore, 2000, p. 37). These definitions also vary depending on the means of measuring material resources or the actual product of individual life. In other words, it is defined according to income and standard of living. For the purpose of this essay, the main discussion will be limited to the definition of poverty in the words of Amartya Sen. Additionally, this...... middle of article...... 985), Products and Capabilities, Oxford: Elsevier Science Publishers. Sen, A. (1985a), .Well-being, Agency and Freedom: the Dewey Lectures., Journal of Philosophy, 82(4), 169.221.Sen, A, (1988), .The Concept of Development., in Hollis Chenery and Thirukodikaval N. Srinivasan (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, Vol.1, North Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 10.26. Sen, A. (1992), Inequality Re-examined, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Sen, A. (1993), .Capability and well-being. in Martha C. Nussbaum and Amartya K. Sen (eds.), The Quality of Life, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 30-53Sen, A. (2005), .Human Rights and Capabilities., Journal of Human Development, 6(2), 151-66.Wagle, UR (2004). A multidimensional approach to poverty: economic well-being, capabilities and social inclusion in Kathmandu city. University of Massachusetts , 399.