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  • Essay / Roman State Religion - 1900

    Unlike the majority of other religions, the Roman state religion was practical and contractual. “I give to you that you may give” was the principle of doubt, which is why the Romans viewed their religion more as a business contract between Rome and the gods rather than a religion full of love and faith. This made the state religion dependent solely on knowledge and correct methods of prayer, rituals and sacrifices, rather than on faith or dogma. Many requirements were necessary in the state religion for prayers to be effective, such as sacrifices and offerings. An account of this matter was given by Pliny the Elder when he stated that "a sacrifice without prayer is considered useless and does not constitute true consultation of the gods." (6) The precise naming of the desired god or goddess was also very crucial for successful prayer, as each god/goddess possesses specific powers. Public prayers were conducted only by the priesthoods of Rome, where a clear ritual had to be performed by specialists and professionals, loudly and without fail. If a mistake was made during a prayer, the entire ritual had to start again from the beginning, as the Romans believed that the gods did not think erroneous prayers were worth accepting. So, by observing this, one can identify the attitude of the Romans towards their religion. Significantly, when it came to state religion, the Romans believed that their gods were only concerned with the correctness of rituals and that virtuous behavior to secure the gods' favor was not necessary. Correct prayers and the finest sacrifices performed were basically all that was required for the Romans to fulfill their part of the "contract" and if the Romans did not gain favor from the god they prayed to, the priest was... . middle of paper ......eligioustolerance.org/druid2.htm http://www.ancient.eu.com/Roman_Religion/ http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/ub/v13n05p282_the-ancient-druids - their-history-and-religion.htm http://www.timelessmyths.com/celtic/aboutceltic.html#Celts http://www.timelessmyths.com/celtic/druids.html#Background http://www. timelessmyths.com/celtic/druids.html http://death.wikia.com/wiki/Death_in_Ancient_Rome http://anglamarke-journeyintocreation.blogspot.co.nz/2013/04/the-druids_18.html http://www .druidry.org/events-projects/peacemaking-druidry http://www.ccnsorso.com/edilizia.html http://purpledank.wordpress.com/category/ancient-greece/ http://www.morien-institute .org/kendrick.html http://www.lugodoc.demon.co.uk/Druids/DRUIDS.htm http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/62*.html http https://www.ancient.eu.com/article/97/http://kithraskrystalkave.co.uk/ancientdruids.html