Traditional CBT encompasses various psychotherapeutic approaches based on the fundamental theory that a person's thinking is the fundamental factor that influences emotional and behavioral responses to life situations. life. CBT originated in the 1950s and 1960s and was popularized by the work of Albert Ellis' rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) and Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy (Robertson, 2010). Both models emphasize that cognitions, in the form of judgments, meanings, attributions, and assumptions related to life events, are the primary factors that determine how individuals respond to environmental cues (Robertson, 2010) . Today, CBT incorporates both cognitive and behavioral techniques. There are different derivations of CBT, but the different variants all share three assumptions regarding the mechanisms of change. The first hypothesis is that cognitive activity affects behavior. The second hypothesis is that cognitive activity can be monitored or modified. The third hypothesis is that desired behavior change can be affected by cognitive change (Robertson, 2010). All variants of CBT share the theoretical perspective that internal, covert processes, including thinking or cognition, occur, and that cognitive events can induce behavior change. In therapy, the clinician and client take an active approach to addressing thinking, evaluating the validity and functionality of thoughts, and formulating a more rational, logical, and realistic approach to interpreting one's reality (Robertson, 2010). Unlike traditional CBT, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) tends to minimize direct strategies for cognitive and emotional change, and instead employs an ongoing culture of psychological defusion and acceptance (Herbert & Fo...... middle of article... ...d “see the bright side” in difficult situations to improve their distress, or cultivate “positive attitudes” that can lead to better performance and more positive behavior The causal effects of cognitions on affect and behavior are a fundamental goal that interventions target distorted, dysfunctional, and maladaptive cognitions. Subjective experience of overt behavior (Hayes, 2004). Cognitions and other subjective experiences are not considered causally related to behavior. One may behave in ways that do not correspond to one's cognitions or affective states. Instead, ACT emphasizes changing the relationships between cognitions and behaviors, rather than the content of the cognitions themselves. Through acceptance and defusion strategies, individuals can gain psychological flexibility.