The Bottom Line of Outcome-Based LuckAccording to Thomas Nagel's revolutionary but problematic theory, a person can never truly be responsible for anything. The philosopher theorizes that there is a force beyond our own self-control that can influence our ethical position. These forces are called moral luck. In Nagel's view, there are four different types of moral luck: constitutive luck, luck in circumstances, luck in how one is determined by prior circumstances, and luck in how things turn out. One of the most problematic aspects of Nagel's theory is the concept of luck in the way things work out. The existence of this luck is extremely problematic because even if its construction has flaws (regarding the concept of knowledge and responsibility), denying the way things revolve around luck would be impractical for societal constructs and would no longer let nothing to society. make ethical judgments. Ethical reasoning based on results is epistemically flawed. How can we make a moral judgment on an action if we never know the outcome? “In many cases of difficult choices, the outcome cannot be predicted with certainty. One kind of evaluation of the choice is possible in advance, but another kind must wait for the result, because the result determines what was done” (Kant). There is a drunk driver leaving the road. Unfortunately there is a pedestrian in his path and he hits him. Someone watching runs to the person's aid as the drunk driver drives away. This person is morally wrong because they hit another person because of their negligence. However, their moral value would be defined more by whether or not the person survives the incident. There is a 50/50 chance that this person...... middle of paper ......d on the concept. One of Nagel's most problematic flaws in this concept, however, is the removal of personal responsibility. If we are only morally responsible for the results of our actions and our results are morally dictated by external factors, how can we ever be responsible for anything? Thomas Nagel's concepts are as liberating as they are disabling. The result of outcome-based luck is this: it explains subjective ethical questions while it poses broader ethical problems by replacing it.BibliographyKant, Immanuel. “Foundations of the metaphysics of morality”. nd Foundations of the metaphysics of morality. May 1, 2014. Nagel, Thomas. “Moral luck.” and Nagel Moral Luck. May 1 2014 .