This is why it is essential to have effective event stakeholder management to ensure success and the sustainability of the event and reduce conflicts by ensuring that no stakeholder is neglected. Once the governing bodies and sponsors of the "key stakeholders" are identified, this is also known as stakeholder mapping and is an effective tool in the EMP to manage which stakeholders have power and which depend on your event for resources (Getz, 1949). ). Considering the large number of stakeholders, who play different roles at different stages of the EMP, these should be classified into two types of stakeholders. Internal stakeholders include a group of people who provide the dynamics of the event, for example staff and volunteers (Carroll, 1993). While external stakeholders, for example governing bodies and local communities, might have the ability to influence how the event unfolds, these groups may become allies and others may be affected by the event (Savage , Nix, Whitehead and Blair, 1991). Given the extreme difference between these two groups, they must therefore be managed differently. The stakeholder mapping tool will then illustrate which stakeholders are of significant importance, which will then help the practitioner formulate strategies for effective stakeholder management (Getz, 1949). Freeman (1984) argues that it is not only the