Informed consent for medical treatment Annotated bibliographyIngravallo, F., Gilmore, E., Vignatelli, L., Dormi, A., Carosielli, G., Lanni, L ., & Taddia, P. (2014). Factors associated with nurses' beliefs and practices regarding information and consent. Nursing Ethics, 21(3), 299-313 15p. doi:10.1177/0969733013495225 In this peer-reviewed journal article, based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in a large Italian university hospital, the authors seek to examine nurses' views and practices regarding information and consent and to explore possible influences such as gender, age, education, work experience and care setting. Results suggest that although nurses regularly informed patients about medications and invasive nursing procedures and sought consent before invasive procedures, the main difficulties in providing information were lack of time or opportunity and inability patients understand information, and care setting was an important factor associated with nurses' opinions and practices. The study is clear and well organized. The research and analysis methods are adequately explained and presented and the authors provide an in-depth review of the literature discussing prior knowledge on the topic. The results of the study are clearly presented and discussed regarding their implications. The researchers were aware of the study's limitations and note them in the article. Limitations such as concerns regarding validity, reliability due to use of an ad hoc survey, generalizability outside of the hospital setting, and lack of a parallel study exploring patient experiences. Although it is suggested that further research is needed to confirm the findings in other healthcare settings, this research...... middle of article ...... is illustrated by a clear and structure of the combined themes that were identified. in the analysis of interview and focus group data. Limitations of the study are discussed, such as the generalizability of the results due to the study being conducted in a single setting. The report suggests that further studies should be carried out with wider populations in different contexts and cultures, as well as explorations of patients' perspectives. Overall, the research provides a thorough and respectable examination of the role of nurses in the informed consent process within a hierarchical and community setting. The research is relevant to nursing, particularly in paternalistic contexts, where the roles of nurses and doctors are not seen as complementary, and/or when working in family-oriented cultures, where family patient has a strong influence on health care decisions..