Classical criminology is recognized for having initiated the abandonment of rather barbaric forms of torture. In classical criminology, the naturalistic approach of social thinkers had challenged the spiritualist approach. At that time, the spiritualist approach was the basis of all politics in Europe. This means that every crime had a spiritual meaning for which it was committed. Saint Thomas Aquinas, a contributor to the subject, argued that people have a natural tendency to be good rather than evil. He also argued that because they committed a crime, it didn't just hurt others, it would hurt them. There were also many other early contributors to classical criminology. John Locke, for a while, argued that a social contract needed to be established. The world was beginning to be seen in a more scientific way and realizing that the world was a complex place. People began to see factors beyond the individual's control that may be causing their behavior. They also began to view criminal behavior as a defeat beyond the individual's control. Now that the world was beginning to be seen in a different way, crime was beginning to increase. Between the 1960s and 1970s, crime in the United States reached unprecedented rates. At this time, classical criminology had renewed its interest. People were also tired of criminals trying to blame society and not be punished for committing their crimes. Social process theory also explains how a person can become involved in crimes committed in their environment. Being social is good, but sometimes the wrong company can cause a lot of problems. A person is not always involved in a crime because of his social life. Committing a crime is a choice. No one can force a person to do something they don't want to do. They both believed that for a crime to occur, three criteria must be met. The first criterion is that an appropriate target must be present, i.e. the individual, object or object. Second, the absence of a capable guardian, that is, an individual capable of protecting the appropriate target, pet, sign, etc. Finally, the gifts of a motivated offender. If for some reason one of the criteria is a crime of absence, this will not happen. Cohen and Felson also discovered the theory of modification of routine activities: could make a suitable target less desirable and less attractive, create the perception that a competent guardian is there, and modify the social circumstances allowing offenders to reach, win or get the appropriate target. While Cohen and Felson were explaining their criteria for how a crime should occur, others were trying to find a way to prevent the crime from occurring.