In the summer of 1939, Igor Gouzenko was invited to go as an instructor to a pioneer camp near Moscow. Soon after returning to the Architectural Institute, Igor was admitted to the Kuibishev Academy of Military Engineering in Moscow. Before even completing a month at the Academy, Igor was assigned to train as a cipher clerk in the Intelligence Administration. Thus, the appointment of Igor Gouzenko as encryption clerk would lead to his defection to Canada, the Gouzenko affair and the start of the Cold War. Igor Gouzenko's defection to Canada in September 1945 was "...one of the first shots fired in the Cold War." The start of the Cold War began shortly after Gouzenko's defection. The Cold War refers to a period of political and military tensions beginning after World War II and ending in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Cold War pitted the capitalist powers of the Western Bloc (the United States and its NATO allies) against the communist powers of the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies). According to J. L Black and Martin