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Essay / Evaluate Kuhn's Theory of Scientific Development
Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born on July 18, 1922, in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America. He studied and worked at Harvard. Kuhn was initially a physicist but later changed courses to study the history of science. While a student at Harvard, Kuhn wrote the book Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Paradigm Shift. In this book, Kuhn changed the view of scientific progress and his theory is by far the most important and influential theory in the history of science since its publication in 1962. Thomas Kuhn brought a new perspective and a new option to scientific progress. Before Kuhn's theory, science was seen as a constant, upward progression where theories added to each other until the desired result was achieved. Kuhn saw a series of revolutionary changes in the popular view of other scientists, where the view of one period had very little in common with the previous one. More importantly, Kuhn seeks to determine whether there is a possibility for science to discover the truth. This essay will examine Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific development. It will begin with an explanation of the theory, then outline some of its impacts on science. It will then show and evaluate certain weaknesses of Kuhn's theory; evaluate and mention the views of a number of academic scientists critical of Kuhn's concept of paradigms. Finally, we conclude by asserting that although Kuhn's theory has made us consider the social effect of the scientist, it does so to the detriment of scientific rationality and progress, which undermines the interest of science itself. Thomas Kuhn's theory of paradigm shift. Kuhn is known for making the term paradigm popular, he described paradigm as essentially a set of beliefs and theories shared by scientists, a set...... middle of article..... .most cases. He also failed to present enough evidence to support most of his main claims. However, Kuhn's conception of normal science appears to have greater value, because it shows that the methods that most scientists use on a daily basis do not follow a pattern comparable to Kuhn's claims. Laudan strongly disagrees with Kuhn's claims about paradigm shifts, but not in the sense that the theory as a whole must be reduced to nothing. He disagrees mainly on the points he focused on, that this is generally the case and that science has never been able to work rationally. Although in some particular cases rationality is not the main force, to assert that it never is seems too presumptuous. Thus, although Kuhn's theory makes us consider the social effect of the scientific community, it does so to the detriment of scientific rationality and progress, which undermines the interest of science itself...