In American football, helmets are necessary to reduce head injuries and have been successful in doing so. A large part of the success of helmet design lies in technological improvements. The size of athletes has increased to make football more dangerous. To protect against brain injury, the design of helmets has changed to become heavier and wider, with the space filled with energy absorbing materials, air space and padding to protect the skull in the event of a brain injury. 'impact. Helmets were originally designed to prevent head injuries only, but technology is advancing to fill the void caused by concussions. Until recently, the severity of concussions was not considered part of the equation to be solved, so manufacturers have not resorted to helmet construction to solve this problem (Post et al. 653). When predicting concussion risk during testing, linear and rotational accelerations by themselves are not appropriate measures for modern helmets. These testing measures do not account for rotational forces and minor hits to the brain associated with concussions (Post et al. 654). Given the severity of concussions in contact sports, more attention is being paid to preventing and reducing concussions through testing methods and technological advancements, stricter regulation and changes in sports. As noted in the article involving the National Football League (NFL), “the risks of playing sports are also very real. The NFL is grappling with serious mental and physical health issues due to repeated mild head trauma, as concussions are called. (“Concussions and the marketing of sports equipment” 6). Additionally, future innovations and designs are underway to further reduce head impact risks...... middle of paper ......, and Stefan M. Duma. “Development of the STAR rating system for football helmets: integration of exposure to impact on the player's head and risk of concussion.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 39.8 (2011): 2130-140. Print.Rowson, Steven, Gunnar Brolinson, Mike Goforth, Dave Dietter and Stefan Duma. “Linear and Angular Head Acceleration Measurements in College Football.” Journal of BiomechanicalEngineering 131.6 (2009): 061016. Print. Viano, David C. and David Halstead. “Change in size and impact performance of football helmets from 1970s to 2010.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 40.1 (2012): 175-84. Print.Viano, David C., Chris Withnall and David Halstead. “Impact performance of modern football helmets.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 40.1 (2012): 160-74. Print.Walter, Kevin. “No evidence that helmet additions reduce concussion risk.” AAP News 2013: 1-3.Print