After the psychosocial assessment, the nurse identifies that John's main problem in the psychosocial assessment is his sleep and rest, because he reports that he woke up at night due to pain. Byers, Lichstein, and Thorn (2016) state that sleep disturbances are common among people with chronic pain, while approximately 53-88% of patients experience symptoms of insomnia. ACEBAC (2012) suggests that lack of sleep can cause increased perception of pain, which in turn disrupts sleep. This indicates that pain perception and sleep have reciprocal influences, constituting a vicious cycle. The community nurse's goal would be to improve John's sleep quality, therefore certain nursing interventions need to be taken. As the sleep disturbance may likely be caused by John's pain, again the nurse can provide medication education regarding his diazepam PRN and pain medication, and refer this condition to his pharmacist. Second, there are various psychosocial therapies as non-pharmacological interventions recommended by Park (2012), for example, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, relaxation, guided imagery, pain support group, and training program. pain education. Andrews, Strong, Meredith, and D'Arrigo (2014) advocate that current literature suggests relaxation therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.