The volume of Dickens's novel Hard Times includes the subtitle: "For These Times", which relates to Thomas Carlyle's 1829 article "Signs of the Times". Literary critic Michael Goldberg states, "Carlyle remained a hero to Dickens throughout his life..." (2), and Dickens's analysis of utilitarianism contains a strong inclination with Carlyle's. It revealed the dangers of a barbaric system that restricts a civilization where imagination, empathy and emotion must not be expressed. However, Dickens reveals that the beneficial and successful qualities of life cannot be easily wasted. The human qualities of hope and empathy never completely disappear because Dickens uses his characters to display these qualities in order to contrast the sadness of the effects of industrialization. Dickens reveals the flaws of being exploited by industrialists for urban workers and the effects of insemination of knowledge with the risk of losing emotion and feeling. Although Dickens was strongly critical of the effects of utilitarianism, he could not have found a more effective way to ensure social justice through an ethical approach.