Neurons have three basic parts: Cell body, dendrites and axon, generally covered with fatty tissue called myelin sheath. All neurons have two fundamental properties; Excitability – The ability to respond to a stimulus (anything that elicits a response) and Conductivity – The ability to transmit a signal (Bostwick & Weber, 2013). The central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and sensory organs (eyes) that control thought processes, guide movements, and register sensations throughout the body (Bostwick and Weber, 2013). Another important part of the brain is the brainstem. The brainstem is made up of the midbrain, involved in visual reflexes, the pons (which controls certain respiratory functions) and the medulla oblongata (containing a center that regulates cardiac and pulmonary functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing and breathing). sneezing. The midbrain connects to the brain above the bridge between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata, which connects the spinal cord.,