Howard Gardner says the attitude he has found among students at elite colleges is: "We want to be famous and successful, we think our colleagues are cutting corners on shortcuts, we'll be damned if we lose to them, and one day, when we succeed, we'll be models. But until then, give us a pass (Gardner). If a cheating student gets an A on a test and the non-cheating student gets an A, the non-cheating student will feel very discouraged and perhaps even cheat on the next test to do better. Cheating isn't just prevalent among students who are just trying to stay up to date and not fall behind. According to the New York Times, large-scale cheating has been discovered over the last year at some of the nation's top schools, most recently at Harvard (Perez-Pena). There is evidence that cheating has gotten worse over the years and both excellent and below average students are cheating more than ever. Donald L. McCabe, a professor at Rutgers University Business School and a leading researcher on cheating, says: "I don't think there's any doubt that students have become more competitive, under more pressure and, therefore, tend to excuse their efforts more. of themselves and other students, and this is encouraged by the adults around them (Maccabe). Students are expected to get good grades and do well on their test. When a student is struggling, a teacher or parent will say, “You better get this grade or else.” Instead of saying, “You better learn this information and apply it to your everyday life, or else.” As a society, we value high grades over superior knowledge. We need to change our thought process and value the knowledge a student acquires and not the score they get on a test. Howard Gardner, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said that "in the twenty years he has studied professional and academic integrity, the ethical muscles