Parental involvement in education and its effects on students' academic performanceEducational standards have recently become a controversial issue, especially in secondary schools. One of the controversial issues surrounding educational standards is the lack of parental involvement. Various forms of parental involvement range from parental encouragement to parental partnership with the school. By examining parental involvement in secondary education, it can be determined that positive parental involvement will have a profound effect on students' academic performance. Defining parental involvement, family relationships and self-esteem, and relationships between parents and teachers can improve parental involvement.Defining Parental Involvement When dealing with the education system and finding ways to improve it, we cannot neglect the need for parental involvement. The question that arises is: what exactly is parental involvement? According to Catherine Hickmann, in "Future of High School Success: Importance of Parental Involvement", the various forms of parental involvement in secondary schools are the parent as communicator, the parent as supporter of activities, the parent as as learner, parent as advocate, parent as decision maker, parent as volunteer/professional, and parent as teacher of home activities. In the article “Relationships Between Parental Involvement and Student Achievement,” Joyce Flood uses researchers to divide parental involvement into three categories: ; parent-child relationships at home, parent training or their involvement in performance contracts and parent-school-community partnerships. These categories can be defined in more detail. Parent-child relationships at home allow students and parents to learn together and provide community education classes to encourage parents to come to school. In the article "Promoting Parental Involvement", there are other ideas to advance parental involvement in education, which leads children to excel academically.ConclusionThis area of ​​research focused on parental involvement and its effects on students' academic performance. Emphasis was placed on family relationships at home and parental involvement at school. When researching this topic, a definition of parental involvement had to be established. The research was not limited in time, since the focus was the general effects of parental involvement on students' studies. The research consists of several suggestions on parental involvement, rather than focusing on a specific method for involving parents in students' education..