In Shakespeare's play Othello, hostile jealousy distorts reality for Othello, leading to the demise of his marriage as well as himself. Many critics have analyzed the subject of jealousy, with most of them coming to the conclusion that Othello showed signs of underlying insecurity and possessiveness which however lead to jealousy; Nordland emphasized that the jealousy was not caused by pre-existing insecurities or scars from past traumatic experiences, but that it created doubts and self-esteem issues in Othello after he was grabbed by a delusional jealousy, courtesy of Iago. To properly explain Othello's metamorphosis from an honorable man into "the green-eyed monster" (3. 3. 196), we must define jealousy as the irritant that it is. Jealousy is a multidimensional emotion. Jealousy, described by Ekman and Plutchik's research, is composed of "eight main emotions: anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, anticipation, trust, and joy" (Buss 157). . In Othello's case, it can be assumed that the emotions included in his jealous outburst were anger, disgust, and distrust. Along with jealousy comes negative repercussions that lead to damaged relationships. In one section of Buss's essay, the theme of jealousy leading to homicide describes how one partner isolates the other and resorts to violence which can "range from minor slaps to brutal beatings" (Buss 160 ), an example of physical violence in act 4. scene 1, line 267, when Othello strikes Desdemona after being agitated by her "act of innocence", but his brief temperance with her was the result of a recent session manipulation with Iago. Buss goes on to identify two vital emotional triggers involved that potentially cause men to engage a homicidal component of jealousy: a man's suspicion of his significant other's infidelity and the fear that she will leave him indefinitely (Buss