It also has a negative impact on academic performance, as health problems could affect the quality of life of students. Thomée, Härenstam, and Hagberg (2011, p.7) reported that people who often spend time using smartphones may suffer from anxiety, sleep obsession, and low mood. This situation could cause undergraduate students to have difficulty concentrating on their academic activity, as they might have poor concentration when they feel anxious or sleepy. However, female students may suffer from mental problems related to cell phone use more easily than male students. According to research by Thomée, Härenstam and Hagberg (2011, p.8), women experience more negative situations than men after using a cell phone, such as waking up at night or feeling and stress related to the need to be contacted. This difference could be due to the different life orientations of male and female students, as the former value close ties with friends and the feeling of being noticed by people more than the latter. Excessive smartphone use could lead to health problems among undergraduates, and female students may need greater ability to manage their lives.