The only time Australia was attacked directly by another country was when Japan bombed Darwin and sank a number of ships at Sydney, during the Second World War. People have asked why Australia has been involved in so many conflicts. A number of recent conflicts of this century come to mind, including the Boer War, World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War. By far the conflict that has caused the most outrage among Australian citizens is the Vietnam War. Australia was drawn into these conflicts through a number of treaties and alliances with other countries. Often, it is not the conflicts that have most outraged Australian citizens, but rather the insistence of other countries that Australia accept large numbers of post-war refugees. The introduction of conscription in Australia during the Vietnam War caused much outrage in the country. Australian audience. Vietnam was the first war to be properly televised, the public saw the true brutality of war for the first time. The public began to question Australia's involvement in the war. Moratoriums were declared across Australia in protest against conscription and Australia's involvement in the war. Much of the protests were by students and younger generations, but the war effort was still strong. This was reflected in the November 1966 election, where the Liberals won a landslide victory. Conscription had an effect on the Liberal government's popularity: a few months after the complete withdrawal of troops from Vietnam in 1972, Whitlam's Labor government replaced McMahon's Liberal government. Historically, one of the determining factors in the Liberals' electoral defeat was the government's choice to become involved in a war that had little to do with Australia. Australia's involvement in Vietnam is due to the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SETA). Australia was a country involved in SEATO. At the request of the Americas, South Vietnam requested Australia's assistance in the Vietnam conflict. Australia's involvement in this organization was significant: if Southeast Asia fell to communism, then its northern shores would be vulnerable. That said, Australia's involvement in this conflict was not driven by this reason alone. Political ambition was a major factor in Australia's participation. After all, it was an opportunity to help one of the most powerful countries in the world, which would strengthen Australia's political alliances with America..