For example, Hopkins defined problem satisfaction as satisfying or fulfilling certain needs associated with one's studies. » Specter defined job satisfaction, in simple terms, as “the extent to which people enjoy their chore.” Job satisfaction has been defined as an individual's positive orientation toward the job role they currently occupy, a set of components that can influence a single level of job gratification. Some of these factors include pay level, promotion process, working conditions, leadership, social relationships and the job itself. Job satisfaction is defined as the pleasant emotional state resulting from evaluating a mortal's task as achieving or facilitating the individual's values. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction is considered to be a function of the perceived relationship between what an individual expects from their task and what they perceive it to offer or imply. Thus, “job satisfaction is an attitude that reflects the degree to which an individual is satisfied, gratified or fulfilled in his or her work or employment” (Sharma, Verma, Verma and Malhotra, 2010, p. 349). Overall, job satisfaction is a multidimensional factor