The yellow fever virus is the Flavi virus. It is an acute, vector-borne febrile illness that occurs in Africa and South America. In the last century, large epidemics occurred in the Caribbean and North America, as well as in Ethiopia between 1960 and 1962. There are seven genotypes of the virus, five in Africa and two in South America. It is transmitted by mosquitoes belonging to the Aedes and haemogogus species. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get the original essayAedes aegypti is responsible for urban epidemics. Mosquitoes can be infected on the first to third day of fever and these mosquitoes remain infected for life. The virus enters through mosquito bites where it multiplies. It has spread to local lymphatics, liver, spleen, kidneys, bone marrow and myocardium. Thus, necrotic lesions of the liver, kidneys and degenerative changes in the spleen and lymph nodes can occur. Brain changes occur with edema and petechial hemorrhages. Death usually results from liver, kidney, or heart failure. Immunity is mediated by antibodies and lasts throughout life. Clinical signs include fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting and bradycardia. Most patients recover during the initial 7-day phase and may progress to a severe form of the disease with fever, jaundice, renal failure and hemorrhagic manifestation. 200,000 cases are reported per year and 90% are in Africa. Disease transmission in South America is lower than in Africa due to the mass vaccination program. Between 1990 and 2000, the disease reappeared in Brazil due to poor vaccination and the migration of affected people from other countries. Nine cases were reported in the United States and Europe in travelers between 1970 and 2002. There is no antiviral treatment for it. Vigorous mosquito control and vaccination of all persons at least 10 days before arrival in an endemic country are preventative measures against yellow fever. 95% of vaccinated people persist for at least 30 years and vaccination is contraindicated for infants younger than 9 months, people with egg allergies and people with egg allergies. More than 400 million vaccine doses have been administered and fewer adverse reactions have been reported. In 2000, a viscerotropic vaccine-associated disease was discovered. There are two major epidemiological cycles of transmission. They are urban and jungle. Urban yellow fever involves human-to-human transmission by domestic Aedes mosquitoes that breed in water accumulation in human settlements. Jungle One is transmitted from monkey to monkey by arboreal mosquitoes like Haemagogus spp. Yellow fever has not spread to Asia, although mosquito vectors are available. It infects thousands of people due to poor vaccination. Humid and semi-humid savannah tropical forest where the sylvatic cycle is more prevalent due to the large monkey population. Most cases are reported in boys and men aged 15 to 45 years who engage in agricultural or forestry activities. Disease transmission increases with immigration, high urbanization and poor maintenance of the vaccination program. Regular outbreaks occur in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Nuba Mountains of southern Sudan, in 1940 there was an outbreak. Removing mosquito breeding grounds is a major preventive measure. Keep..