The Enlightenment Movement of the 18th century was an era that symbolized the desire to change the social order of European citizens. The Church was thought to be the source of truth and condemned anyone who opposed it, but people began to think separately and independently of the Church. Enlightenment thinkers proposed new ideas based on reason, science, and the value of humanity. Furthermore, Enlightenment writers intended to change the relationship between the people and the government. Although many welcomed the Enlightenment, five movements reacted against the ideas of the time. Conservatism was a reaction against the Enlightenment because it reflected ideas based on tradition and hierarchy. The ideas of liberalism were built on the foundations of the Enlightenment, but began to imitate middle-class values. Adherents of nationalism have become excessively devoted to their nation's views. The socialist movement was a reaction against the Enlightenment because, as it progressed, it took on an air of nationalism. Finally, there is the Romanticism movement and unlike the Enlightenment, this movement rejected the natural sciences. Conservatism was a political and social movement, it embraced tradition and any changes that occurred were minimal. “Conservatives hated attempts to transform society according to a theoretical model. They considered human nature and social relations too complex for such social engineers” (Perry, p. 532). As the world continued to advance in science and religion and humanity, conservatives were unwilling to recognize the need for fundamental changes, especially those affecting tradition, faith, and natural law. The reluctance towards changes in society was an opposing movement...... middle of paper ......its movement which attempted to introduce new ways of thinking, new views of nature and religion. However, other movements rejected the Enlightenment and introduced additional ideologies. Conservatism reacted against the Enlightenment because it was based on tradition and the Enlightenment certainly promoted change. The ideology of liberalism offered political, social and economic freedoms to the individual, while the Enlightenment wanted these freedoms for all. Nationalism centered on the principle of loyalty to the government, and the Enlightenment sought to change the relationship between the people and their government. Socialism was based on the economic freedoms of individuals and, again, the Enlightenment encompassed all people. Finally, romanticism, which defended the principle of self-consciousness as opposed to the consciousness of nature, like the Enlightenment..