Table of contentsIntroductionCellular telephony in the national contextCellular telephony challenges in MexicoIntroductionAs we already know, technology has progressed rapidly, until reaching the point where, using a simple chip in the cell phone, we can be located immediately. Technology has advanced, for better or worse. Every day, engineers, technicians and system designers create more complex and functional applications and tools that were unthinkable until recently. First I will define the research instruments, mobile telephony, also called cellular telephony, is essentially composed of two large parts: a communication network (or mobile telephone network) and terminals (or mobile phones). How did the history of mobile telephony begin? In 1973, Martin Cooper invented the first cell phone, initially bulky and expensive, used only by the military and some businesses. By 1983, they were smaller and cheaper and could be used by the public. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get an original essay Currently, it is common to assume that telecommunications are essential to the economic development of countries because they facilitate the flow of money. information and contribute to the harmonious development of business processes. It is also part of a growing consensus that, in emerging countries, mobile telephony is gradually becoming the main form of distance communication. Unlike other means such as landline telephony and the Internet, mobile telephony has proven to provide greater ease of access to groups who were previously unable to do so. Establish telephone communication and greater technological versatility to offer combined services such as sending text messages and access to online information, not to mention other services such as using the telephone as a camera or as a music player. In Mexico, as in other developing countries, mobile telephony has fueled the expectation of universal access to telecommunications services. The above is intended as an aspect of a positive sign in economic terms given the impact it can have on the attraction of significant investments, the efficiency of productive activities, including the reduction of unemployment and the reduction business operating costs. Taking into account the relationship between the economic impact of telecommunications and the importance of mobile telephony today, the following thesis develops two main objectives, namely to determine what are the challenges facing mobile telephony in Mexico and elucidate what certain public policy recommendations may be. to face these challenges.Cellular telephony in the national contextThis section presents the evolution of cellular telephony in Mexico. Firstly, the technological evolution and services within the industry are exposed, as well as the evolution of the different companies that have made possible what we know so far and which are currently identified as Telcel, Telefónica , Iusacell and Unefon. In a second step, the stages of regulation are already addressed. The evolution of cellular telephony in Mexico was divided into two stages: its emergence and its development. In 1988, Radiomóvil Dipsa, which adopted the commercial name Telcel (at the time a subsidiary of Teléfonos de México), intended to introduce the service before any other company in the country, in Tijuana, inBaja California. However, Industrias Unidas, SA (Iusacell) put an end to this intention by providing judicial protection, warning that the only mobile radio licensee was SOS, a subsidiary of Industrias Unidas. This company claimed to have obtained since 1957, in addition to the concession for the operation of the rural radiotelephony service over 65% of the national territory (27 towns), authorization to operate mobile radiotelephony. This is how the Iusacell company was born, which began providing the service at the end of 1989, before any other competitor. The challenges of cellular telephony in Mexico As noted previously, it is a shared criterion (Oestmann, 2003, Stephens, Boyd & Galarza, 2005) that in developing countries, cellular technology is presented as a substitute for landline telephone services, thus becoming a source of services for urban and rural groups previously excluded from access to this means of communication. In this regard, those who defend this idea emphasize that mobile telephony has become a hope for the achievement of universal service and access. 7 Likewise, mobile telephony has improved the connectivity conditions of sectors which previously had fixed telephone service. The above defines the main challenges that mobile telephony faces in Mexico, namely how to extend services to social groups that do not yet have access and how to contribute to the consolidation of services that add value to the connectivity of sectors that already have access. . In a disaggregated manner, the first of these two challenges may translate into the need to implement initiatives aimed at increasing the penetration of the mobile telephony market in the economically less advantaged sectors of the economy. The main public policy recommendations proposed relate to two closely related aspects. On the one hand, the need to contribute to the expansion of connectivity towards the poorest sectors of the population; on the other, the need to develop service consolidation strategies that add value to the connectivity of sectors that already have access to it. The expansion of connectivity to the poorest sectors of the population and the need to promote the geographic expansion of mobile phone use are linked to regulatory policy adjustments and the promotion of development policies. The first aspect to consider regarding the connectivity of low-income sectors is that related to regulatory policy adjustments and the promotion of sector development policies. The adjustment of the sector's regulatory policy was linked to correcting the failures it has experienced so far. The first of these elements is the strengthening of the regulatory entity. The second is the adjustment of the regulatory framework. The third is the creation of optimal conditions for the development of the sector. Regarding the development of a sector development policy, the design of cell expansion plans, the implementation of a cross-subsidies system and the granting of additional incentives for high-impact investment for the public. Mobile use in the higher education population in Mexico. In the Latin American and Mexican context, higher education is a differentiating factor, in that the university student represents an elite of a smaller percentage of the total population, so that those who do not have no access constitutes an exclusion group. within this privileged group that accesses higher education in Mexico, there is still a difference in this social group between "connected" and "not connected", between those who have access to the world ofinformation and knowledge through the network and those who do not have access to it. . But this is even more true for those who own a cell phone and for those who don't. Countries like Mexico have a digital divide problem which adds to poverty, marginalization, selective access to higher education which leads to the exclusion of young people from this new communicative ecosystem. It is evident that the social impact that leads to new technologies also exists, although in a lower percentage, a factor that reveals a division between those who are connected and those who do not have the possibility of accessing the era information thanks to these sophisticated devices and equipment such as the telephone and/or the Internet terminal. The devaluation of these technologies and the discovery of young people as a potential market will soon allow almost all university students to access information and communication technologies. The use of the mobile phone has ended up transforming lifestyles, daily life and routines, among which: the mobile phone still makes it possible to identify young people (this for the benefit of parents), it is a device of security (emergency calls), but even more among young people, it is a means of status (good and for the less young), the reflection goes beyond the symbolic, among "kids" the cell phone is fashionable, you have to listen to the music that they put on it so that it sounds like a call, in short, that This work constitutes the initial basis of a research which aims to deepen, through the application of various instruments, which will allow us to measure more rigorously the real impact of mobile telephony and the Internet in the academic and social environment of our university students. Mexico and its social problems linked to mobile technology. A group of Mexican and foreign scientists carried out a project called SenseCityVity in Guanajuato to study the social environment through mobile technologies, in order to solve problems that arise in communities. The team was made up of researchers from the Potosino Scientific and Technological Research Institute (Ipicyt) and the Idiap Research Institute of the Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Switzerland, Conacyt Agency reported. The project focused on technical and social design, as well as developing and carrying out experiments on participatory mobile sensing and crowdsourcing (open collaboration), in collaboration with student volunteers from a technical high school. The research leaders are doctors Salvador Ruiz Correa, in Mexico, and Daniel Gatica-Pérez, in Switzerland. “We went out with students from a school in Guanajuato to take photos, videos, audio and voice notes, documenting what was being done to raise awareness of the city's urban problems. “Our work has several objectives: on the one hand, the social, academic aspects because once the data was collected, methods of scientific visualization, statistics and social control were used", explained Dr. Ruiz Correa. The project involved 177 students from the Center for Scientific and Technological Studies of the State of Guanajuato, organized in groups of 10 people, composed of seven students, two parents and a teacher, who collected the data for 12 weeks The results were. applied to qualitative and quantitative analyzes and were mapped with statistical estimation techniques, to reflect urban concerns. In this map, the main areas of concern of citizens are traditional neighborhoods, squares, historic alleys and avenues. The problems were divided into three main categories: the image of the city, the.